Artículo 48.

The culture service is one of the essential powers within the remit of the state, which shall provide it through educational institutions linked by the unified school system.

Primary education shall be free of charge and compulsory.
Teachers, lecturers and professors in the official education system are public employees. Academic freedom shall be recognised and guaranteed.

The Republic shall legislate in order to provide Spaniards in financial need with access to every level of education to ensure that aptitude and vocation are the only conditioning factors.

1931 Constitution